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Rupture geometries in anisotropic amphibolite recorded by pseudotachylytes in the Gairloch Shear Zone, NW Scotland

View ORCID ProfileLucy R. Campbell, Richard J. Phillips, Rachel C. Walcott and View ORCID ProfileGeoffrey E. Lloyd
Scottish Journal of Geology, 55, 75-92, 23 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-003
Lucy R. Campbell
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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  • ORCID record for Lucy R. Campbell
  • For correspondence: lucy.campbell@plymouth.ac.uk
Richard J. Phillips
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Rachel C. Walcott
National Museums ScotlandChambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
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Geoffrey E. Lloyd
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Abstract

Recent earthquakes involving complex multi-fault rupture have increased our appreciation of the variety of rupture geometries and fault interactions that occur within the short duration of coseismic slip. Geometrical complexities are intrinsically linked with spatially heterogeneous slip and stress drop distributions, and hence need incorporating into seismic hazard analysis. Studies of exhumed ancient fault zones facilitate investigation of rupture processes in the context of lithology and structure at seismogenic depths. In the Gairloch Shear Zone, NW Scotland, foliated amphibolites host pseudotachylytes that record rupture geometries of ancient low-magnitude (≤MW 3) seismicity. Pseudotachylyte faults are commonly foliation parallel, indicating exploitation of foliation planes as weak interfaces for seismic rupture. Discordance and complexity are introduced by fault segmentation, stepovers, branching and brecciated dilational volumes. Pseudotachylyte geometries indicate that slip nucleation initiated simultaneously across several parallel foliation planes with millimetre and centimetre separations, leading to progressive interaction and ultimately linkage of adjacent segments and branches within a single earthquake. Interacting with this structural control, a lithological influence of abundant low disequilibrium melting-point amphibole facilitated coseismic melting, with relatively high coseismic melt pressure encouraging transient dilational sites. These faults elucidate controls and processes that may upscale to large active fault zones hosting major earthquake activity.

Supplementary material: Supplementary Figures 1 and 2, unannotated versions of field photographs displayed in Figures 4a and 5 respectively, are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4573256

Thematic collection: This article is part of the SJG Collection on Early-Career Research available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research

  • © 2019 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London for EGS and GSG. All rights reserved
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Scottish Journal of Geology: 55 (2)
Scottish Journal of Geology
Volume 55, Issue 2
November 2019
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Rupture geometries in anisotropic amphibolite recorded by pseudotachylytes in the Gairloch Shear Zone, NW Scotland

Lucy R. Campbell, Richard J. Phillips, Rachel C. Walcott and Geoffrey E. Lloyd
Scottish Journal of Geology, 55, 75-92, 23 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-003
Lucy R. Campbell
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Lucy R. Campbell
  • For correspondence: lucy.campbell@plymouth.ac.uk
Richard J. Phillips
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Rachel C. Walcott
National Museums ScotlandChambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
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Geoffrey E. Lloyd
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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  • ORCID record for Geoffrey E. Lloyd

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Rupture geometries in anisotropic amphibolite recorded by pseudotachylytes in the Gairloch Shear Zone, NW Scotland

Lucy R. Campbell, Richard J. Phillips, Rachel C. Walcott and Geoffrey E. Lloyd
Scottish Journal of Geology, 55, 75-92, 23 August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-003
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Seismic slip in the Gairloch Shear Zone
    • Observations
    • Microscale geometry of pseudotachylyte veins
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Copyright © 2019 Scottish Journal of Geology